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3 new articles.


----- Forwarded by Richard L Whitman/BRD/USGS/DOI on 06/30/2006 09:57 PM -----
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Richard L Whitman/BRD/USGS/DOI@USGS, Meredith_Nevers@usgs.gov, Dawn_Shively@usgs.gov, Katarzyna Przybyla-Kelly/BRD/CONT/USGS/DOI@USGS
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FYI...


J Water Health (2006) 167-175

Identification of human fecal pollution sources in a coastal area: a case study at Oostende (Belgium)
Sylvie Seurinck, Willy Verstraete, Martin Verdievel and Steven D. Siciliano

Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium, Present address: Ghent University, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium, Tel: +32 9264 5976, Fax: +32 9264 6248, Willy.Verstraete@ugent.be

Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium, Present address: Ghent University, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium, Tel: +32 9264 5976, Fax: +32 9264 6248, Willy.Verstraete@ugent.be

Flemish Environment Agency, A. Van De Maelestraat 96, B-9320, Erembodegem, Belgium

Department of Soil Science, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada

ABSTRACT
>From April to June 2001, a monitoring study at Oostende (Belgium) was conducted to obtain an insight into fecal pollution impairing water quality at this coastal area. Eight sampling sites were selected based on the historically low water quality at these sites compared to the remainder of the area. Indicator organisms such as fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci were monitored by plating. A real-time PCR assay for quantification of the human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker was used to detect human fecal pollution at the sampling sites. Human fecal pollution was detected at all sampling sites. However, the frequency of detection ranged from 30–100% and the amount of human-specific Bacteroides markers recorded varied between the sampling sites. Concentrations of 107 human-specific Bacteroides markers per l to levels below the detection limit of the real-time PCR assay were recorded. Our results indicate that human fecal pollution is a re-occurring problem in certain areas. Of all the environmental parameters monitored during the study, only rainfall was strongly related to the detection of the indicator organisms and the human-specific Bacteroides marker.



J Water Health (2006) 211-214

Escherichia coli control in a surface flow treatment wetland
M. E. MacIntyre, B. G. Warner and R. M. Slawson

Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1

Wetlands Research Centre, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1, bwarner@uwaterloo.ca

Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3C5

ABSTRACT
A field experiment showed that numbers of Escherichia coli declined significantly when floating Lemna spp. plants were removed to create open water areas in a typical newly constructed surface flow treatment wetland in southern Ontario. It is suggested that E. coli declined immediately after Lemna removal because the Lemna was shading the water column from penetration by natural UV radiation, it was providing favourable attachment sites for the E. coli, and it was not allowing effective free exchange of oxygen from surface winds to the water column to maintain high enough dissolved oxygen supplies for predator zooplankton populations. Operators of wetland systems must have the specialized skills required to recognize the cause and the appropriate maintenance requirements to maintain efficient operation of such unconventional systems should E. coli numbers increase during the course of operation.
J Water Health (2006) 263-269

PFGE analysis of enterococci isolates from recreational and drinking water in Greece
Panagiota Grammenou, Iris Spiliopoulou, Eleni Sazakli and Maria Papapetropoulou

Department of Public Health, School of Medicine,University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Tel: +30 2610 993978, Fax: +30 2610 994922, spiliopl@med.upatras.gr

Department of Public Health, School of Medicine,University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece

Department of Public Health, School of Medicine,University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece

ABSTRACT
Biotyping and DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were applied to a collection of enterococci recovered from recreational and drinking water, in order to identify possible genetic relationships. Clinical strains of hospital origin were compared to the environmental isolates. A total of 104 enterococci were isolated from 128 recreational water (94 marine and 34 river water) and 470 drinking water supplies (440 municipal and 30 natural spring water samples). Sixty-two isolates were characterised as Enterococcus faecium recovered from all sources, 32 E. faecalis (from all sources), 4 E. durans (from marine, river and municipal water), 4 E. gallinarum (from marine water) and 2 E. avium (from marine and municipal water). Biotypes, determined with API20Strep, among E. faecium were correlated with certain environmental sources, while antibiotypes, determined with Etest, did not reveal any relationship to the sample origin. Even though genetic diversity was observed among the studied strains, common clonal types were also identified in different sources, suggesting a possible common origin of the enterococci. Cluster analysis revealed a genetic relationship between certain environmental E. faecium and clinical strains.